Women and Periodontal Health
How Hormonal Changes Affect Gum Health Across a Woman’s Life
Puberty: Increased Gum Sensitivity
During puberty, there is increased production of sex hormones. These higher hormone levels increase gum sensitivity and lead to greater irritation from plaque and food particles. The gums can become swollen, turn red, and feel tender.
Menstruation: Cyclical Gum Changes
Similar symptoms occasionally appear several days before menstruation. Bleeding of the gums, bright red swelling between the teeth and gum, or sores on the inside of the cheek may occur. These symptoms generally clear up once the period has started. When long-term anti-bacterial action is called for, the doctor will fill the pockets with Arestin® microspheres that time-release a powerful antibiotic directly into the gum pockets over a ten day period.
Pregnancy: Higher Risk of Gum Disease
Your gums and teeth are also affected during pregnancy. Between the second and eighth month, gums may also swell, bleed, and become red or tender. Large lumps may appear as a reaction to local irritants. However, these growths are generally painless and not cancerous. They may require professional removal, but usually disappear sometime after delivery. Periodontal health practices should be part of your prenatal care. Any infections during pregnancy, including periodontal infections, can place a babys health at risk. For more information, see the section of our website labeled Pregnancy and Periodontal Disease under the Mouth-Body Connection tab.
Oral Contraceptives: Hormone-Related Gum Sensitivity
Swelling, bleeding, and tenderness of the gums may also occur when you are taking oral contraceptives, which are synthetic hormones.
You should always mention any prescriptions you are taking, including oral contraceptives, prior to medical or dental treatment. This will help eliminate the risk of drug interactions, such as antibiotics with oral contraceptives, which lessens the effectiveness of the contraceptive.
Menopause & Post-Menopause: Dry Mouth & Gum Changes
Changes in the look and feel of your mouth may occur if you are menopausal or post-menopausal. They include: feeling pain and burning in your gum tissue and salty, peppery, sour tastes, and dry mouth. Careful oral hygiene at home and professional cleaning may relieve these symptoms. There are also saliva substitutes to treat the effects of dry mouth.
